How do organic solar cells work on the inside? The answer lies in structures far too small to see—and difficult to access even with advanced techniques. So far, researchers have relied mainly on X-ray ...

Electron microscopy (EM) has become an indispensable tool for investigating the nanoscale structure of a large range of materials, across physical and life sciences. It is vital for characterisation ...

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Free-electron laser (FEL) sources can generate tunable short-wavelength coherent pulses that can be used for studying structure and dynamics of matter in different forms. In this open collection, we ...

What Is Electron Beam Lithography? Electron beam lithography (EBL) is a technique for creating high-resolution patterns on a semiconductor substrate by directing a beam of electrons to selectively ...